Limbikitsani chitukuko cha chuma chozungulira ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwamtengo wapatali kwa mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso

Kubwezeretsanso "zobiriwira" kuchokera ku mabotolo apulasitiki

PET (PolyEthylene Terephthalate) ndi imodzi mwa mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ili ndi ductility yabwino, yowonekera kwambiri, komanso chitetezo chabwino. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabotolo a zakumwa kapena zinthu zina zopangira chakudya. . M'dziko langa, rPET (yopangidwanso PET, pulasitiki ya PET) yopangidwa kuchokera ku mabotolo a zakumwa zobwezerezedwanso ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'magalimoto, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madera ena, koma sikuloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga chakudya. Mu 2019, kulemera kwa mabotolo a zakumwa za PET zomwe zidadyedwa mdziko langa zidafika matani 4.42 miliyoni. Komabe, PET imatenga zaka mazana angapo kuti iwonongeke kwathunthu m'chilengedwe, zomwe zimabweretsa kulemetsa kwakukulu ku chilengedwe ndi chuma.

Kuchokera pazachuma, kutaya mapulasitiki apulasitiki mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi kudzataya 95% ya mtengo wake wogwiritsa ntchito; potengera chilengedwe, zipangitsanso kuchepetsa zokolola, kuwononga nyanja ndi mavuto ena ambiri. Ngati mabotolo apulasitiki a PET ogwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka mabotolo a zakumwa, amasinthidwa kuti abwezeretsedwenso, zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakuteteza chilengedwe, chuma, anthu ndi zina.

Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mabotolo a zakumwa za PET m'dziko langa kumafika 94%, pomwe 80% ya rPET imalowa m'makampani opangidwanso ndi fiber ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku monga matumba, zovala, ndi ma parasols. M'malo mwake, kukonzanso mabotolo a chakumwa cha PET kukhala rPET ya chakudya sikungangochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito namwali PET ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosasinthika monga mafuta, komanso kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa rPET kudzera munjira zasayansi komanso zokhwima, kupanga chitetezo chake Zatsimikiziridwa kale m'mayiko ena.
Kuphatikiza pakulowa m'machitidwe obwezeretsanso, mabotolo achakumwa a zinyalala a dziko langa a PET amayenda makamaka kumalo opangira zinyalala zazakudya, zotayirapo, zopangira magetsi zowononga zinyalala, magombe ndi malo ena. Komabe, kuthira nthaka ndi kutentha kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, nthaka ndi madzi apansi panthaka. Ngati zinyalala zachepetsedwa kapena zinyalala zambiri zibwezeretsedwanso, zolemetsa zachilengedwe ndi ndalama zimatha kuchepetsedwa.

PET yopangidwanso imatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa carbon dioxide ndi 59% ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 76% poyerekeza ndi PET yopangidwa kuchokera ku petroleum.

Mu 2020, dziko langa linadzipereka kwambiri pachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi kuchepetsa utsi: kukwaniritsa cholinga chokweza mpweya wa carbon isanafike 2030 ndikukhala osalowerera pa carbon isanafike 2060. Pakali pano, dziko lathu layambitsa ndondomeko ndi njira zingapo zolimbikitsira kubiriwira kwakukulu. kusintha kwa chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Monga imodzi mwa njira zothandiza zobwezeretsanso zinyalala zamapulasitiki, rPET ikhoza kutengapo gawo polimbikitsa kufufuza ndi kukonza kayendedwe ka zinyalala, ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "double carbon".
Chitetezo cha rPET pakuyika chakudya ndichofunikira

Pakali pano, chifukwa cha chilengedwe cha rPET, mayiko ambiri ndi zigawo padziko lonse lapansi alola kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya, ndipo Africa ikufulumizitsanso kukula kwake. Komabe, m'dziko langa, pulasitiki ya rPET singagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zakudya.

Palibe kuchepa kwa mafakitale amtundu wa rPET m'dziko lathu. M'malo mwake, dziko lathu ndi malo akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi obwezeretsanso ndi kukonza mapulasitiki. Mu 2021, voliyumu yobwezeretsanso botolo la chakumwa cha PET mdziko langa ikhala pafupifupi matani 4 miliyoni. Pulasitiki ya rPET imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzodzola zapamwamba kwambiri, zopangira zinthu zosamalira anthu, magalimoto ndi magawo ena, ndipo rPET yamtundu wa chakudya imatumizidwa kunja.

"Lipoti" likuwonetsa kuti 73.39% ya ogula amayesetsa kukonzanso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo akumwa otayidwa pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo 62.84% ya ogula akuwonetsa zolinga zabwino zobwezeretsanso PET kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazakudya. Oposa 90% ya ogula adawonetsa kukhudzidwa ndi chitetezo cha rPET chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula chakudya. Zitha kuwoneka kuti ogula aku China nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino pakugwiritsa ntchito rPET pakuyika zakudya, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndichinthu chofunikira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni kwa rPET m'munda wazakudya kuyenera kutengera kuwunika kwachitetezo komanso kuyang'anira zisanachitike komanso pambuyo pazochitika mbali imodzi. Kumbali ina, zikuyembekezeka kuti anthu onse azigwira ntchito limodzi kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwamtengo wapatali kwa rPET ndikulimbikitsanso chitukuko cha chuma chozungulira.